The efficiency of the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERC)s, the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) and the Joint Electricity Regulatory Commission (JERC) influence investability and growth of the electricity sector. For example, it costs regulated entities time and resources to petition the relevant ERC for decisions and potentially, to challenge decisions taken by the ERC at the appellate tribunal (APTEL), which exercises supervisory control over the ERCs and reviews their decision-making.